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This source file includes following definitions.
log2
implementer
architecture_string
arch_cpu_identify
cpu_arch_init
cpu_identify
cpu_print_report
dcache_linesize_log
dcache_ways
dcache_sets
dcache_levels
dcache_clean_manual
dcache_flush
dcache_flush_invalidate
cpu_dcache_flush
cpu_dcache_flush_invalidate
icache_invalidate
cache_is_unified
dcache_invalidate
dcache_clean_mva_pou
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Michal Kebrt
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/** @addtogroup kernel_arm32
 * @{
 */
/** @file
 *  @brief CPU identification.
 */

#include <arch/cache.h>
#include <arch/cpu.h>
#include <arch/cp15.h>
#include <cpu.h>
#include <arch.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_FPU
#include <arch/fpu_context.h>
#endif

static inline unsigned log2(unsigned val)
{
        unsigned log = 0;
        --val;
        while (val) {
                ++log;
                val >>= 1;
        }
        return log;
}

static unsigned dcache_ways(unsigned level);
static unsigned dcache_sets(unsigned level);
static unsigned dcache_linesize_log(unsigned level);

/** Implementers (vendor) names */
static const char *implementer(unsigned id)
{
        switch (id) {
        case 0x41:
                return "ARM Limited";
        case 0x44:
                return "Digital Equipment Corporation";
        case 0x4d:
                return "Motorola, Freescale Semiconductor Inc.";
        case 0x51:
                return "Qualcomm Inc.";
        case 0x56:
                return "Marvell Semiconductor Inc.";
        case 0x69:
                return "Intel Corporation";
        }
        return "Unknown implementer";
}

/** Architecture names */
static const char *architecture_string(cpu_arch_t *arch)
{
        static const char *arch_data[] = {
                "ARM",       /* 0x0 */
                "ARMv4",       /* 0x1 */
                "ARMv4T",      /* 0x2 */
                "ARMv5",       /* 0x3 */
                "ARMv5T",      /* 0x4 */
                "ARMv5TE",     /* 0x5 */
                "ARMv5TEJ",    /* 0x6 */
                "ARMv6"        /* 0x7 */
        };
        if (arch->arch_num < (sizeof(arch_data) / sizeof(arch_data[0])))
                return arch_data[arch->arch_num];
        else
                return arch_data[0];
}

/** Retrieves processor identification from CP15 register 0.
 *
 * @param cpu Structure for storing CPU identification.
 * See page B4-1630 of ARM Architecture Reference Manual.
 */
static void arch_cpu_identify(cpu_arch_t *cpu)
{
        const uint32_t ident = MIDR_read();

        cpu->imp_num = (ident >> MIDR_IMPLEMENTER_SHIFT) & MIDR_IMPLEMENTER_MASK;
        cpu->variant_num = (ident >> MIDR_VARIANT_SHIFT) & MIDR_VARIANT_MASK;
        cpu->arch_num = (ident >> MIDR_ARCHITECTURE_SHIFT) & MIDR_ARCHITECTURE_MASK;
        cpu->prim_part_num = (ident >> MIDR_PART_NUMBER_SHIFT) & MIDR_PART_NUMBER_MASK;
        cpu->rev_num = (ident >> MIDR_REVISION_SHIFT) & MIDR_REVISION_MASK;

        // TODO CPUs with arch_num == 0xf use CPUID scheme for identification
        cpu->dcache_levels = dcache_levels();

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < cpu->dcache_levels; ++i) {
                cpu->dcache[i].ways = dcache_ways(i);
                cpu->dcache[i].sets = dcache_sets(i);
                cpu->dcache[i].way_shift = 31 - log2(cpu->dcache[i].ways);
                cpu->dcache[i].set_shift = dcache_linesize_log(i);
                cpu->dcache[i].line_size = 1 << dcache_linesize_log(i);
                printf("Found DCache L%u: %u-way, %u sets, %u byte lines "
                    "(shifts: w%u, s%u)\n", i + 1, cpu->dcache[i].ways,
                    cpu->dcache[i].sets, cpu->dcache[i].line_size,
                    cpu->dcache[i].way_shift, cpu->dcache[i].set_shift);
        }
}

/** Enables unaligned access and caching for armv6+ */
void cpu_arch_init(void)
{
        uint32_t control_reg = SCTLR_read();

        dcache_invalidate();
        read_barrier();

        /* Turn off tex remap, RAZ/WI prior to armv7 */
        control_reg &= ~SCTLR_TEX_REMAP_EN_FLAG;
        /* Turn off accessed flag, RAZ/WI prior to armv7 */
        control_reg &= ~(SCTLR_ACCESS_FLAG_EN_FLAG | SCTLR_HW_ACCESS_FLAG_EN_FLAG);

        /* Unaligned access is supported on armv6+ */
#if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a) | defined(PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv6)
        /*
         * Enable unaligned access, RAZ/WI prior to armv6
         * switchable on armv6, RAO/WI writes on armv7,
         * see ARM Architecture Reference Manual ARMv7-A and ARMv7-R edition
         * L.3.1 (p. 2456)
         */
        control_reg |= SCTLR_UNALIGNED_EN_FLAG;
        /*
         * Disable alignment checks, this turns unaligned access to undefined,
         * unless U bit is set.
         */
        control_reg &= ~SCTLR_ALIGN_CHECK_EN_FLAG;
        /*
         * Enable caching, On arm prior to armv7 there is only one level
         * of caches. Data cache is coherent.
         * "This means that the behavior of accesses from the same observer to
         * different VAs, that are translated to the same PA
         * with the same memory attributes, is fully coherent."
         *    ARM Architecture Reference Manual ARMv7-A and ARMv7-R Edition
         *    B3.11.1 (p. 1383)
         * We are safe to turn this on. For arm v6 see ch L.6.2 (p. 2469)
         * L2 Cache for armv7 is enabled by default (i.e. controlled by
         * this flag).
         */
        control_reg |= SCTLR_CACHE_EN_FLAG;
        /*
         * ICache coherency is elaborated on in barrier.h.
         * VIPT and PIPT caches need maintenance only on code modify,
         * so it should be safe for general use.
         * Enable branch predictors too as they follow the same rules
         * as ICache and they can be flushed together
         */
        if ((CTR_read() & CTR_L1I_POLICY_MASK) != CTR_L1I_POLICY_AIVIVT) {
                control_reg |=
                    SCTLR_INST_CACHE_EN_FLAG | SCTLR_BRANCH_PREDICT_EN_FLAG;
        } else {
                control_reg &=
                    ~(SCTLR_INST_CACHE_EN_FLAG | SCTLR_BRANCH_PREDICT_EN_FLAG);
        }
#endif
        SCTLR_write(control_reg);

#ifdef CONFIG_FPU
        fpu_setup();
#endif

#ifdef PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a
        if ((ID_PFR1_read() & ID_PFR1_GEN_TIMER_EXT_MASK) !=
            ID_PFR1_GEN_TIMER_EXT) {
                PMCR_write(PMCR_read() | PMCR_E_FLAG | PMCR_D_FLAG);
                PMCNTENSET_write(PMCNTENSET_CYCLE_COUNTER_EN_FLAG);
        }
#endif
}

/** Retrieves processor identification and stores it to #CPU.arch */
void cpu_identify(void)
{
        arch_cpu_identify(&CPU->arch);
}

/** Prints CPU identification. */
void cpu_print_report(cpu_t *m)
{
        printf("cpu%d: vendor=%s, architecture=%s, part number=%x, "
            "variant=%x, revision=%x\n",
            m->id, implementer(m->arch.imp_num),
            architecture_string(&m->arch), m->arch.prim_part_num,
            m->arch.variant_num, m->arch.rev_num);
}

/** See chapter B4.1.19 of ARM Architecture Reference Manual */
static unsigned dcache_linesize_log(unsigned level)
{
#ifdef PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a
        CSSELR_write((level & CCSELR_LEVEL_MASK) << CCSELR_LEVEL_SHIFT);
        const uint32_t ccsidr = CCSIDR_read();
        return CCSIDR_LINESIZE_LOG(ccsidr);
#endif
        return 0;

}

/** See chapter B4.1.19 of ARM Architecture Reference Manual */
static unsigned dcache_ways(unsigned level)
{
#ifdef PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a
        CSSELR_write((level & CCSELR_LEVEL_MASK) << CCSELR_LEVEL_SHIFT);
        const uint32_t ccsidr = CCSIDR_read();
        return CCSIDR_WAYS(ccsidr);
#endif
        return 0;
}

/** See chapter B4.1.19 of ARM Architecture Reference Manual */
static unsigned dcache_sets(unsigned level)
{
#ifdef PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a
        CSSELR_write((level & CCSELR_LEVEL_MASK) << CCSELR_LEVEL_SHIFT);
        const uint32_t ccsidr = CCSIDR_read();
        return CCSIDR_SETS(ccsidr);
#endif
        return 0;
}

unsigned dcache_levels(void)
{
        unsigned levels = 0;
#ifdef PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a
        const uint32_t val = CLIDR_read();
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                const unsigned ctype = CLIDR_CACHE(i, val);
                switch (ctype) {
                case CLIDR_DCACHE_ONLY:
                case CLIDR_SEP_CACHE:
                case CLIDR_UNI_CACHE:
                        ++levels;
                default:
                        (void)0;
                }
        }
#endif
        return levels;
}

static void dcache_clean_manual(unsigned level, bool invalidate,
    unsigned ways, unsigned sets, unsigned way_shift, unsigned set_shift)
{

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < ways; ++i) {
                for (unsigned j = 0; j < sets; ++j) {
                        const uint32_t val =
                            ((level & 0x7) << 1) |
                            (j << set_shift) | (i << way_shift);
                        if (invalidate)
                                DCCISW_write(val);
                        else
                                DCCSW_write(val);
                }
        }
}

void dcache_flush(void)
{
        /* See ARM Architecture Reference Manual ch. B4.2.1 p. B4-1724 */
        const unsigned levels = dcache_levels();
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < levels; ++i) {
                const unsigned ways = dcache_ways(i);
                const unsigned sets = dcache_sets(i);
                const unsigned way_shift = 32 - log2(ways);
                const unsigned set_shift = dcache_linesize_log(i);
                dcache_clean_manual(i, false, ways, sets, way_shift, set_shift);
        }
}

void dcache_flush_invalidate(void)
{
        /* See ARM Architecture Reference Manual ch. B4.2.1 p. B4-1724 */
        const unsigned levels = dcache_levels();
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < levels; ++i) {
                const unsigned ways = dcache_ways(i);
                const unsigned sets = dcache_sets(i);
                const unsigned way_shift = 32 - log2(ways);
                const unsigned set_shift = dcache_linesize_log(i);
                dcache_clean_manual(i, true, ways, sets, way_shift, set_shift);
        }
}

void cpu_dcache_flush(void)
{
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < CPU->arch.dcache_levels; ++i)
                dcache_clean_manual(i, false,
                    CPU->arch.dcache[i].ways, CPU->arch.dcache[i].sets,
                    CPU->arch.dcache[i].way_shift, CPU->arch.dcache[i].set_shift);
}

void cpu_dcache_flush_invalidate(void)
{
        const unsigned levels =  dcache_levels();
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < levels; ++i)
                dcache_clean_manual(i, true,
                    CPU->arch.dcache[i].ways, CPU->arch.dcache[i].sets,
                    CPU->arch.dcache[i].way_shift, CPU->arch.dcache[i].set_shift);
}

void icache_invalidate(void)
{
#if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a)
        ICIALLU_write(0);
#else
        ICIALL_write(0);
#endif
}

#if !defined(PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a)
static bool cache_is_unified(void)
{
        if (MIDR_read() != CTR_read()) {
                /* We have the CTR register */
                return (CTR_read() & CTR_SEP_FLAG) != CTR_SEP_FLAG;
        } else {
                panic("Unknown cache type");
        }
}
#endif

void dcache_invalidate(void)
{
#if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a)
        dcache_flush_invalidate();
#else
        if (cache_is_unified())
                CIALL_write(0);
        else
                DCIALL_write(0);
#endif
}

void dcache_clean_mva_pou(uintptr_t mva)
{
#if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCH_armv7_a)
        DCCMVAU_write(mva);
#else
        if (cache_is_unified())
                CCMVA_write(mva);
        else
                DCCMVA_write(mva);
#endif
}

/** @}
 */
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root/kernel/arch/arm32/src/cpu/cpu.c

DEFINITIONS
